Yet, despite the similarity between a cortado vs. flat white—each brewed from espresso with silky layers of steamed milk—their distinct ratios and preparation methods create entirely different experiences.

In this guide, we’ll break down what makes each drink unique, how to craft them at home, and how to determine which might best suit your palate.

What is a cortado?

Intense yet smooth, the cortado is a small but mighty espresso drink where steamed milk gently “cuts” the intensity of strong coffee—hence cortado’s name, meaning “cut” in Spanish. 

This balanced beverage is characterised by:

● Compact 4 oz size

● Equal espresso-to-milk ratio

● Minimal milk foam layer

Overall, a cortado highlights the rich, full-bodied flavours of espresso tempered with just the right amount of creaminess.

What is a flat white?

Originating from the coffee culture of Australia and New Zealand, the flat white is a creamier, milk-forward alternative to the cortado, defined by its:

● 6 oz serving size

● Higher milk-to-espresso ratio

● Velvety texture and layer of foam

In essence, a flat white is a refined latte alternative, delivering a silkier texture and stronger espresso flavours.

Key differences between cortado and flat white

Despite comprising the same two ingredients, espresso and steamed milk, the differences between a cortado vs flat white become apparent the deeper you look. 

Here’s where they differ: 

● Milk-to-espresso ratio – A cortado maintains a 1:1 ratio, equal parts espresso to equal parts warm milk, delivering a more concentrated flavour package. Flat whites lean toward a 2:1 or 3:1 ratio, further softening the espresso’s edge.

● Texture and foam – Cortados use “dryer” steamed milk with minimal froth, while a flat white typically features a distinct blanket of textured foam for a rich consistency to complement the espresso.

● Size and presentation – The small size of a cortado lends itself to a Gibraltar, a 4.5 oz rock glass that accentuates the depth of colour as espresso and milk mix. Flat whites are traditionally served in a ceramic cup to spotlight the caramelized, frothed milk.

● Flavour profiles – For the cortado, intense espresso notes blend with a touch of creaminess that neither clouds nor conquers the coffee. Flat whites, thanks to their velvety microfoam and ristretto-style shots, deliver a full-bodied and caramelized profile.

Both beverages celebrate the classic harmony between coffee and cream, delivering distinct experiences in their own unique way.

How to make a cortado and a flat white at home

This begs the question: Why not enjoy both? With the right tools, you can recreate either drink from the comfort of your kitchen. 

Here’s everything you need to get started.

Ingredients and tools 

Since cortados and flat whites share similar foundations, both require the same essential ingredients and tools:

● Espresso machine – An espresso machine capable of delivering at least 9 bars of pressure is crucial for extracting rich, flavourful espresso.

● Steam wand – This is essential for texturing frothed milk, especially for the velvety foam required of a flat white. Ideally, there’s a wand attached to your espresso machine.

● Freshly ground coffee – Opt for a medium-dark roast to complement the creamy notes of foamed milk. For best flavour, grind your coffee beans just before brewing.

● Fresh milk – Whole milk is ideal due to its high-fat content, but plant-based alternatives like oat or almond milk can be substituted to suit your preference.

Step-by-step guide to making a cortado

A cortado is one of the simplest espresso-based drinks to make, requiring just three easy steps:

1. Ready your espresso. Pull a double shot (2 oz) from your choice of beans.

2. Steam the milk. Use the steam wand on your espresso machine to heat 2 oz of milk to a smooth, slightly aerated milk texture with minimal foam. 

3. Combine and enjoy. Pour the steamed milk gently into the espresso, savouring the dance as both ingredients blend seamlessly. 

Served hot or iced in a Gibraltar glass or a simple mug, the cortado is truly a versatile coffee staple.

Step-by-step guide to making a flat white coffee

The flat white follows a similar process, yet with a few added nuances worthy of consideration:

1. Brew a double Ristretto shot. Pull 2 oz of ristretto, using less water to extract a more concentrated espresso with a syrupy consistency.

2. Create the foam layer. Froth your milk to achieve a fine, creamy texture with tiny bubbles. Swirl the pitcher to ensure even consistency, then tap it lightly on the counter to eliminate large bubbles.

3. Pour with precision. Gently pour your foamed milk into the espresso, aiming to preserve a glossy layer of foam. 

If you're feeling creative, you might even try your hand at pouring latte art with designs like hearts, tulips, or rosettas.

Choosing between cortado and flat white

As with anything coffee, your personal preference is always the determining factor. That said, the cortado vs. flat white coffee debate can often be settled by a quick comparative look: 

● If you’re an espresso lover, you may prefer the cortado. Its equal ratio of coffee to steamed milk preserves the complexity of your espresso while mellowing its sharp acidity.

● If you prefer milk-based drinks, the flat white may be your go-to. Plush foam and a higher milk content deliver a smooth profile without overshadowing the espresso’s depth.

With endless possibilities—from different roasts to alternative milks—both drinks invite exploration; the perfect canvas for espresso experimentation.

Savour the perfect cup with Sage

From a cortado’s bold simplicity to a flat white’s creamy allure, both drinks offer an attractive alternative to the classic latte. But these caffeinated delights aren’t reserved solely for coffee shop menus. With the right tools, you can craft them at home.

Sage espresso machines bring this professional quality right to your kitchen, combining precision grinding, expert-level espresso extraction, and effortless milk steaming—all in one intuitive machine.

Cortado, flat white, or something entirely your own—explore our lineup of espresso accessories and elevate your coffee ritual today.

Sources: 

1. Methodical Coffee. Macchiato vs Cortado vs Flat White: What's the Difference? https://methodicalcoffee.com/blogs/coffee-culture/macchiato-vs-cortado-vs-flat-white-whats-the-difference

2. Angelino’s Coffee. Cortado vs Flat White. https://angelinos.com/blogs/news/cortado-vs-flat-white